ALGONQUIN PEOPLES
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COLONIAL IMPACT
- Algonquin peoples known to Europeans since 1603.
- Encountered by Samuel de Champlain & associates at Tadoussac.
+ Samuel de Champlain: Cartographer, explorer, colonial administrator (1567-1635). Intrumental figure in the founding of New France (1603-1635)
+ Tadoussac: Trade centre for Indigenous peoples of the North and South shore of the St. Lawrence.
- Became allies with French alongside the Innu and the Huron-Wendat.
- Allied against Haudenosaunee.
- To facilitate fur trade, Algonquin groups made trade as well as military alliances with both Indigenous and French allies.
- War with Haudenosaunee paired with disease brought by the European missionaries and traders wrought havoc on Algonquin community populations.
- Weakened territorial and political influence occurred as a result of this population decline.
- Peace of Montreal 1701 ends hostilities with Haudenosaunee.
- British defeat French North America.
- Royal Proclamation issued 1763 giving Algonquin peoples claim to large portions of the Ottawa River watershed.
- Increasing number of European settlers threaten land and resources.
- 19th century Algonquins begin to petition government to put aside land for reserves.
- Reserves granted, communities to be established near former trading posts.
- Land outside of reserves granted to European settlers.
- Establishment of residential schools undermine and threaten Algonquin way of life.
- Effects of residential schools, cultural and generational dislocation, and seizure of trade lands leave current Algonuin communities in poor condition.